ABSTRACT
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as Kala-azar, is caused by Leishmania (L.) donovani complex, which includes L. donovani and L. infantum and is associated with a high death rate as compared to the cutaneous and subcutaneous form. Treatment of VL includes chemotherapeutic agents which are associated with some major hurdles like toxicities, parenteral administration, high cost, parasite resistance and stability. Hence, there is an urgent requirement to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents or repurposing of existing drugs against VL. Developing formulation of new chemical entity for the treatment of VL is laborious, time consuming and associated with huge financial burden. However, screening of existing chemotherapeutic agents is a good alternative to avail cost-effective treatment option for VL. Non-PEGylated liposome encapsulated doxorubicin (Myocet ®) is proposed as an alternative treatment option for VL in this review article. Here, we covered the fundamental aspects of VL, loophole associated with available current treatment strategies and non-PEGylated liposome encapsulated doxorubicin as a novel alternative formulation for treating VL, as this liposomal delivery system of doxorubicin might passively target the intra- cellular regions of macrophage.
ABSTRACT
This study aims at preparing and evaluating lapatinib-loaded polymeric micelles for the better treatment of breastcancer (BC). LP-loaded polymeric micelles (LP-PMs) were prepared as per our previous studies by using Soluplus®as the polymer. Therefore, we employed the lyophilization technique using mannitol as a cryoprotectant and furtherconducted in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy studies, in addition to our previously reported works. We found thatthe lyophilized LP-PMs were sufficiently stable and retained encapsulated drugs. Furthermore, their smooth surfacewas visualized on the atomic force microscopy. The X-ray powder diffractogram of LP-PMs showed successfulencapsulation of Lapatinib; however, the presence of few drug molecules on the surface was evidenced by energydispersive X-ray analysis. Furthermore, LP-PMs showed sustained release of drugs, with selective drug release in anacidic environment, resembling that of a tumor. The LP-PMs exhibited higher cytotoxicity against SKBr3 BC cellsand also induced effective inhibition of the growth of the tumor in vivo when compared to that of lapatinib solutionand marketed formulation. The results of this study indicate the greater potential of LP-PMs for the efficient treatmentfor BC
ABSTRACT
Arsenic trioxide, a mineral drug of Chinese medicine material medica with significant therapeutic effect, has been approved by USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. In recent years, it has also been found to have a great therapeutic effect on the treatment of solid tumors. The anti-tumor mechanisms mainly include promoting apoptosis, inhibiting Hedgehog signaling pathway, reversing drug resistance and inhibiting angiogenesis. However, the poor targeting ability in vivo, the rapid renal clearance rate, and the toxic and side effects of high dose on normal tissues of arsenic trioxide limit the application and clinical transformation for the treatment of solid tumor. On the basis of traditional nanoparticles, the novel drug delivery system improves the drug aggregation, controlling-release and diagnosis in tumor sites, which is of great significance in accurate treatment, improvement of bioavailability and reduction of toxic and side effects. Research progress on anti-tumor mechanisms of arsenic trioxide and its drug delivery system in recent years was summarized and analyzed in this paper, in order to provide ideas for the in-depth research and clinical application of arsenic trioxide.
ABSTRACT
@#Currently the available therapies cannot satisfy all the clinical requirements, therefore advanced technologies are urgently demanded. Delivery system the polymeric prodrug based has both advantages of prodrug strategy and nanoparticle drug delivery strategy. The system can improve the drug bioavailability, enhance the drug stability, and make the drug targeting system more effective. The system can reduce the side effects and improve the therapeutic effect of drug. According to the mechanism of this drug system, passive targeting, active targeting, triggered release and co-administration were reviewed. Finally, the research prospects and issues in this field were pointed out.
ABSTRACT
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a kind of neoplasms with poor neovascularization and rich matrix,which limited the delivery of cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells.Nanocarriers delivery of cytotoxic drugs to treat pancreatic cancer would overcome those biological barriers,and promote drug delivery efficiency.The designation of high targeting of pancreatic cancer cells nanoparticles and smart drug delivery system have been the key factors to improve nanocarriers' drug delivery efficiency.Here,we report the latest advanced researches in this field,including passive targeting design,active targeting design and response to the release of drug delivery design.
ABSTRACT
Drug delivery system targeting immune system plays an important role in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Drug delivery system targeting immune system could target immune cells or immune organs.It could be divided into active targeting mediated by the interaction of ligand-receptor or antigen-antibody and passive targe-ting mediated by pH;particles and so on.This review summarizes new progress for drug delivery system targeting immune system;which provides a theoretical reference for designing the safe and effective drug delivery system and providing efficient and safe treatment for inflammatory diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the internal irradiation biological effects of 125I-UdR chitosan nanoparticles in hepatoma cells.Methods The accumulation and distribution of 125I-UdR-CS-DLN in hepatoma cells HepG2 and human liver tissue cells HL-7702 were observed with a confocal microscopy.The internal irradiation biological effects were evaluated by MTT assay,flow cytometry and single cell gel electrophoresis.The apoptosis of in situ rabbit liver tumor treated with 125I-UdR-CS-DLN was assayed by TUNEL staining technique.Results After 30 min of nano-particle treatment,its accumulation in the cytoplasm of HepG2 cells was significantly greater than that in HL-7702 cells.When the concentrations of 125I-UdR-CS-DLN was higher than 37 kBq/ml,the cell viability of HepG2 was significantly lower than that of lL-7702 at 24 and 48 h post-treatment(t =-4.46-6.31,P＜0.05),and the HepG2 cells were arrested at G1 phase and significantly impaired at G2/M phase.In addition,the degrees of DNA doublestrand break of both cell lines irradiated by 125I-UdR-CS-DLN were significantly higher than those treated with 125I-UdR,and the DNA repair capacity of HepG2 cells was significantly lower than that of HL-7702 cells(OTM:t =2.94,P ＜0.05;TDNA％:t =10.64,P ＜0.01).TUNEL staining showed that cell apoptosis could be induced in the rabbit liver carcinoma by 125I-UdR-CS-DLN but not by 125I-UdR.Conclusions The amount of 125I-UdR-CS-DLN absorbed by hepatoma cells is significantly higher than that of 125I-UdR,which suggests that 125 I-UdR-CS-DLN induces more stronger internal radiation biological effects of apoptosis and DNA damage on hepatoma cells.